Introduction to Isaiah 58:8-14
In Isaiah 58:8-14 the Lord God speaks through Isaiah of a promise of righteousness and health, of continual guidance and provision, of blessing and aid to the hungry, and light in the darkness, and of the Lord God answering prayer when someone calls out to Him. These things are deeply rooted in our freedom that we have in Christ like Paul writes about in His epistles (Romans 8:1-2, 2 Corinthians 3:17, Galatians 5:1 and 5:13). To be “free in Christ” signifies a spiritual liberation from the bondage of sin and the accompanying consequences. This concept is rooted in the idea that through faith in Yeshua the Messiah, individuals are no longer enslaved by the power of sin. This freedom is expressed in several key Scriptures across both the Tanakh and the NT. In the Tanakh, we are always reminded of what God has done in the past, to be reminded of the present day reality of the power of God to deliver us in the present and in the future! In the Tanakh the idea of freedom is often associated with deliverance from physical slavery and oppression, such as what we read in the exodus from Egypt (Exodus 20:2). This physical liberation prefigures the spiritual freedom that the promised Messiah offers. In the NT text, the Apostle Paul elaborates on this theme, particularly in his letters to the Romans and the Galatians. For instance, in Galatians 5:1, Paul writes, “It is for freedom that Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not let yourselves be burdened again by a yoke of slavery.” Similarly, in Romans 8:1-2, he states, “Therefore, there is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus, because through Christ Jesus the law of the Spirit who gives life has set you free from the law of sin and death.” These verses underscore the transformative power of the Messiah Yeshua’s sacrifice, which offers believers a new identity and purpose, free from the guilt and penalty of sin.
The reference to Exodus 20:2, “I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery,” this highlights God’s deliverance of Israel from physical bondage in Egypt, symbolizing liberation and freedom. This act of deliverance serves as a foreshadowing of the spiritual freedom that Christ the Messiah brings to believers. In the Tanakh, the exodus event is often seen as a precursor to a more profound liberation, a spiritual redemption from sin. The expectation of a messianic figure to save God’s people is deeply embedded in the scriptures and prophecy starting back in Genesis 3:15. For instance, in Isaiah 61:1, it is written, “The Spirit of the Sovereign Lord is on me, because the Lord has anointed me to proclaim good news to the poor. He has sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim freedom for the captives and release from darkness for the prisoners.” This passage anticipates the coming of a Savior who will bring spiritual freedom. In the NT, Yeshua is identified as this long-awaited Messiah. Luke 4:18-21 records Yeshua reading from Isaiah 61 in the synagogue and proclaiming that this prophecy is fulfilled in Him. Thus, the exodus serves as a historical type that points to the ultimate redemption through Christ, who delivers believers from the slavery of sin and death, bringing them into the liberating freedom of God’s grace and salvation.
We note the prophecy in Genesis 3:15 is the first promise of a future redeemer, known as the Protoevangelium, or “first gospel.” This verse states, “And I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and hers; he will crush your head, and you will strike his heel.” This prophecy foretells the ongoing struggle between humanity and the Evil One and also hints at the ultimate victory of a future descendant over the serpent, which symbolizes Satan (the Deceiver, the Evil One). This promise is seen as the beginning of God’s plan for redemption and the expectation of freedom from sin and its consequences which means we are not under the curse of the law. The crushing of the serpent’s head is interpreted as a metaphor for the defeat of evil and the liberation of humanity through the Messiah Yeshua. This connection between the promise in Genesis and the freedom brought by Christ is echoed throughout the Scriptures. For instance, in the New Testament, 1 John 3:8 says, “The reason the Son of God appeared was to destroy the devil’s work.” Thus, from the very beginning, the Bible lays the foundation for the coming of a Savior who would restore the broken relationship between God and humanity, offering freedom from the bondage of sin and death. This promise and expectation are woven through the entire biblical narrative.
In Romans 8, the Apostle Paul speaks extensively about the concept of freedom and what believers are set free from through Christ. Primarily, Paul emphasizes that we are set free from the law of sin and death. We note that this is not the Torah that he is referring to, but the concept of the body whose desire is to sin, as opposed to the spirit that has a desire to live for the Lord God of Israel. In Romans 8:1-2, he writes, “Therefore, there is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus, because through Christ Jesus the law of the Spirit who gives life has set you free from the law of sin and death.” This means that believers are no longer under the condemnation and penalty of sin, which ultimately leads to spiritual death. Instead, they are now under the law of the Spirit, which brings life and peace.
Furthermore, Paul explains that this freedom also means liberation from the power of sin that controls and corrupts human nature. In Romans 8:9, he states, “You, however, are not in the realm of the flesh but are in the realm of the Spirit, if indeed the Spirit of God lives in you.” This signifies that believers are no longer dominated by their sinful nature but are empowered by the Holy Spirit to live a life that pleases God. Overall, Romans 8 highlights the transformative power of Christ’s sacrifice, setting believers free from the guilt, penalty, and power of sin, and granting them a new identity and purpose through the Spirit. The overarching theme of the Scriptures is the promise and fulfillment of a Redeemer, Savior, Messiah. This theme is woven throughout the Bible, beginning with the promise in Genesis 3:15 and culminating in the book of Revelation. In the NT, the arrival of Yeshua is seen as the fulfillment of these messianic prophecies. Such as what we read in Luke 1:31-33 where the angel Gabriel tells Mary that her son Yeshua will inherit the throne of David and reign forever. Yeshua also affirmed this in Luke 4:18-21 where He reads from Isaiah 61 and declares its fulfillment. We note that faith in the God of Israel and in this expectation of the coming Messiah is what saved the faithful previously to the arrival of Yeshua. This expectation sustained the faithful, such as Abraham, who “believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness” according to Genesis 15:6 which is referenced in Romans 4:3. This overarching narrative demonstrates God’s consistent plan for redemption and His faithfulness in fulfilling His promises.
Masoretic Text (MSS) on Isaiah 58:8-14
Isaiah continues saying the following according to Isaiah 58:8-11.
ספר ישעיה פרק נח
ח אָז יִבָּקַע כַּשַּׁחַר אוֹרֶךָ וַאֲרֻכָתְךָ מְהֵרָה תִצְמָח וְהָלַךְ לְפָנֶיךָ צִדְקֶךָ כְּבוֹד יְהֹוָה יַאַסְפֶךָ: ט אָז תִּקְרָא וַיהֹוָה יַעֲנֶה תְּשַׁוַּע וְיֹאמַר הִנֵּנִי אִם-תָּסִיר מִתּוֹכְךָ מוֹטָה שְׁלַח אֶצְבַּע וְדַבֶּר-אָוֶן: י וְתָפֵק לָרָעֵב נַפְשֶׁךָ וְנֶפֶשׁ נַעֲנָה תַּשְֹבִּיעַ וְזָרַח בַּחֹשֶׁךְ אוֹרֶךָ וַאֲפֵלָתְךָ כַּצָּהֳרָיִם: יא וְנָחֲךָ יְהֹוָה תָּמִיד וְהִשְֹבִּיעַ בְּצַחְצָחוֹת נַפְשֶׁךָ וְעַצְמֹתֶיךָ יַחֲלִיץ וְהָיִיתָ כְּגַן רָוֶה וּכְמוֹצָא מַיִם אֲשֶׁר לֹא-יְכַזְּבוּ מֵימָיו:
Isaiah 58:8 states, “Then shall thy light break forth as the morning, and thine health shall spring forth speedily: and thy righteousness shall go before thee; the glory of the LORD shall be thy rereward. (אָז יִבָּקַע כַּשַּׁחַר אוֹרֶךָ וַאֲרֻכָתְךָ מְהֵרָה תִצְמָח וְהָלַךְ לְפָנֶיךָ צִדְקֶךָ כְּבוֹד יְהֹוָה יַאַסְפֶךָ)” Isaiah 58:9 “Then shalt thou call, and the LORD shall answer; thou shalt cry, and he shall say, Here I am. If thou take away from the midst of thee the yoke, the putting forth of the finger, and speaking vanity; (אָז תִּקְרָא וַיהֹוָה יַעֲנֶה תְּשַׁוַּע וְיֹאמַר הִנֵּנִי אִם-תָּסִיר מִתּוֹכְךָ מוֹטָה שְׁלַח אֶצְבַּע וְדַבֶּר-אָוֶן)” Isaiah 58:10 “And if thou draw out thy soul to the hungry, and satisfy the afflicted soul; then shall thy light rise in obscurity, and thy darkness be as the noon day: (וְתָפֵק לָרָעֵב נַפְשֶׁךָ וְנֶפֶשׁ נַעֲנָה תַּשְֹבִּיעַ וְזָרַח בַּחֹשֶׁךְ אוֹרֶךָ וַאֲפֵלָתְךָ כַּצָּהֳרָיִם)” Isaiah 58:11 “And the LORD shall guide thee continually, and satisfy thy soul in drought, and make fat thy bones: and thou shalt be like a watered garden, and like a spring of water, whose waters fail not. (וְנָחֲךָ יְהֹוָה תָּמִיד וְהִשְֹבִּיעַ בְּצַחְצָחוֹת נַפְשֶׁךָ וְעַצְמֹתֶיךָ יַחֲלִיץ וְהָיִיתָ כְּגַן רָוֶה וּכְמוֹצָא מַיִם אֲשֶׁר לֹא-יְכַזְּבוּ מֵימָיו)”
Cross References for Isaiah 58:8-11: Ex 14:19; Dt 15:7–8; Job 8:6; 11:17; Ps 12:2; 24:title–10; 37:6; 48:14; 50:15; 68:6; 72:16; 85:13; 104:28; 107:9; 144:13; Pr 6:13; 8:35; 21:8–15; So 4:15; Is 1:5; 9:2; 26:2; 27:3; 30:19, 26; 33:24; 35:7; 41:17; 42:16; 48:17; 49:10; 51:3; 52:12; 55:6; 57:18; 58:6–8, 10–11; 59:13; 62:1; 65:24; 66:14; Je 8:22; 30:17; 31:12; 33:6; Da 9:20; Am 5:7; Zec 7:1–7; 10:6; Mt 5:13–20, Lk 11:37–46; Jn 4:14; 7:38
The verses in Isaiah 58:8-11 from the Hebrew Bible offer profound insights that are enriched by examining the original Hebrew text. For example, in Isaiah 58:8, the phrase אָז יִבָּקַע כַּשַּׁחַר אוֹרֶךָ (Then your light will break forth like the dawn) uses the word יִבָּקַע (to break forth / to burst through) which signifies a powerful and sudden emergence of light, symbolizing divine revelation and healing. The term וַאֲרֻכָתְךָ (your healing) suggests a comprehensive restoration, extending beyond physical health to encompass spiritual and emotional well-being. Isaiah 58:11 mentions the quick growth and speed of righteousness (צִדְקֶךָ) and the honor (כְּבוֹד) of the Lord gathering us. The word צִדְקֶךָ refers to one’s righteousness or justice, implying that as we live righteously, we will experience growth and expansion. The word כְּבוֹד means honor or glory, suggesting that God’s honor will be evident in our lives as we follow His ways. We note that if these things are only spiritually applied, there are great expectations in choosing to live our lives for the glory of God according to His Word.
In Isaiah 58:9, the promise that אָז תִּקְרָא וַיהֹוָה יַעֲנֶה (Then you will call, and the LORD will answer) emphasizes the immediacy and intimacy of God’s response to sincere repentance and righteous actions. This verse speaks of calling out to the Lord, who will then respond. The word תְּשַׁוַּע note the root word is Yeshua which produces the meaning to cry out for salvation, to cry out or call for help, indicating that we can rely on God to answer our prayers when we sincerely seek Him. The condition אִם-תָּסִיר מִתּוֹכְךָ מוֹטָה (if you remove the yoke from among you) uses מוֹטָה (yoke / burden) symbolizing oppression and unjust behavior that must be abandoned for God’s favor to be fully realized. We note that the idea of the favor of God is related to the things in this world, according to what we read in Deuteronomy 28, the consequences of disobeying God’s word, such as in the case of oppressing others (Exodus 22:21-22, Leviticus 19:13, 25:17).
Isaiah 58:10 speaks of the light rising “in obscurity” and “darkness” being “as the noon day.” The Hebrew word תַּשְֹבִּיעַ (to satisfy) refers to fulfilling the needs of the afflicted. This language underscores the transformative power of acts of compassion, turning moments of deep despair into times of enlightenment and joy. This is from the sense of community, to be good to your neighbor and those whom we can show compassion to.
Isaiah 58:11 describes continuous divine guidance and provision using the imagery of a “well-watered garden” and a “spring of water” whose waters never fail. The Hebrew נַפְשֶׁךָ (your soul) highlights the comprehensive nature of God’s care, addressing both physical and spiritual needs. In addition, the word נָחֲךָ means to comfort or sustain, indicating that God will provide for us continually. The phrase וְשַׁמְּרַת בְּצַחְצָחוֹת (and you will be guarded in narrow places) suggests that even in difficult times, God will protect and guide us.
The Hebrew text of Isaiah 58:8-11 enriches our understanding by highlighting these concepts using vivid language which urges God’s people to live a life of righteousness, compassion, and reliance on God’s guidance, with these concepts resonating throughout the NT teachings. For example, these themes find parallels in the NT, such as in Matthew 5:16 Yeshua says, “Let your light shine before others, that they may see your good deeds and glorify your Father in heaven,” echoing the call for righteousness to break forth like the dawn. Similarly, in John 4:14, Yeshua speaks of providing “a spring of water welling up to eternal life,” paralleling the imagery of the unfailing spring in Isaiah 58:11. Additionally, in Galatians 6:9, Paul encourages believers not to grow weary in doing good, promising a harvest of blessings, reflecting the themes of divine reward and guidance in Isaiah 58. Notice how in the NT text these things culminate or follow those who seek the Messiah of God.
Isaiah goes on saying the following according to Isaiah 58:12-14.
ספר ישעיה פרק נח
יב וּבָנוּ מִמְּךָ חָרְבוֹת עוֹלָם מוֹסְדֵי דוֹר-וָדוֹר תְּקוֹמֵם וְקֹרָא לְךָ גֹּדֵר פֶּרֶץ מְשׁוֹבֵב נְתִיבוֹת לָשָׁבֶת: יג אִם-תָּשִׁיב מִשַּׁבָּת רַגְלֶךָ עֲשֹוֹת חֲפָצֶיךָ בְּיוֹם קָדְשִׁי וְקָרָאתָ לַשַּׁבָּת עֹנֶג לִקְדוֹשׁ יְהֹוָה מְכֻבָּד וְכִבַּדְתּוֹ מֵעֲשֹוֹת דְּרָכֶיךָ מִמְּצוֹא חֶפְצְךָ וְדַבֵּר דָּבָר: יד אָז תִּתְעַנַּג עַל-יְהֹוָה וְהִרְכַּבְתִּיךָ עַל-בָּמֳותֵי [בָּמֳתֵי] אָרֶץ וְהַאֲכַלְתִּיךָ נַחֲלַת יַעֲקֹב אָבִיךָ כִּי פִּי יְהֹוָה דִּבֵּר:
Isaiah 58:12 states, “And they that shall be of thee shall build the old waste places: thou shalt raise up the foundations of many generations; and thou shalt be called, The repairer of the breach, The restorer of paths to dwell in. (וּבָנוּ מִמְּךָ חָרְבוֹת עוֹלָם מוֹסְדֵי דוֹר-וָדוֹר תְּקוֹמֵם וְקֹרָא לְךָ גֹּדֵר פֶּרֶץ מְשׁוֹבֵב נְתִיבוֹת לָשָׁבֶת)” Isaiah 58:13 “If thou turn away thy foot from the sabbath, from doing thy pleasure on my holy day; and call the sabbath a delight, the holy of the LORD, honourable; and shalt honour him, not doing thine own ways, nor finding thine own pleasure, nor speaking thine own words: (אִם-תָּשִׁיב מִשַּׁבָּת רַגְלֶךָ עֲשֹוֹת חֲפָצֶיךָ בְּיוֹם קָדְשִׁי וְקָרָאתָ לַשַּׁבָּת עֹנֶג לִקְדוֹשׁ יְהֹוָה מְכֻבָּד וְכִבַּדְתּוֹ מֵעֲשֹוֹת דְּרָכֶיךָ מִמְּצוֹא חֶפְצְךָ וְדַבֵּר דָּבָר)” Isaiah 58:14 “Then shalt thou delight thyself in the LORD; and I will cause thee to ride upon the high places of the earth, and feed thee with the heritage of Jacob thy father: for the mouth of the LORD hath spoken it. (אָז תִּתְעַנַּג עַל-יְהֹוָה וְהִרְכַּבְתִּיךָ עַל-בָּמֳותֵי [בָּמֳתֵי] אָרֶץ וְהַאֲכַלְתִּיךָ נַחֲלַת יַעֲקֹב אָבִיךָ כִּי פִּי יְהֹוָה דִּבֵּר)”
Cross References for Isaiah 58:12-14: Ex 20:8; 31:16–17; 35:2–3; Dt 32:13; 33:29; 2 Sa 22:34; 1 Ki 6:37; Ezr 3:10–12; 6:14; Ne 2:17; 4:6, 17–21; 10:31; 13:15–22; Job 22:26–27; 27:10; Ps 27:4; 37:4; 42:4; 84:2, 10; 105:10–11; Is 1:20; 13:22; 30:13; 33:16; 40:5; 44:28; 49:8; 52:9; 55:8; 56:1–6; 57:4; 58:3, 12; 59:3, 13; 61:4, 10; 65:21; 66:1–24; Je 17:21–27; 50:19; Eze 22:30; 36:10; Am 9:11; Mic 4:4; Hab 3:19
Isaiah 58:12-14 in the Hebrew text provides rich insights that influence both interpretation and application. The verse begins with וּבָנוּ מִמְּךָ חָרְבוֹת עוֹלָם (your people will rebuild the ancient ruins) highlighting the word חָרְבוֹת (ruins / destructions) which emphasizes the restoration and renewal of communities through righteous actions. The term מוֹסְדֵי דוֹר-וָדוֹר (foundations of many generations) underscores the enduring impact of righteous deeds, extending benefits across generations. Isaiah 58:12 speaks of rebuilding the ancient ruins and restoring the foundations of many generations. This promise of restoration can be seen as a combination of both the mercy of God and the righteousness of the people. The context of Isaiah 58 emphasizes the importance of sincere worship and righteous living. Verses prior to 58:12 outline the kind of fasting and behavior that pleases God such as acts of justice, mercy, and compassion. In verse 12, the rebuilding of desolate places is presented as a result of the people’s genuine repentance. The people are called “repairer of broken walls, restorer of streets with dwellings,” indicating that their seeking the God of Israel contributes significantly to the restoration. However, this restoration is also deeply rooted in the mercy and grace of God. Even when people repent and turn to righteousness, it is God who ultimately brings about the renewal and healing. His mercy provides the opportunity for restoration and it is by the power of God that men, women, children are able to live their lives for Him!
In Isaiah 58:13 we read, אִם-תָּשִׁיב מִשַּׁבָּת רַגְלֶךָ (If you turn away your foot from the shabbat), the word תָּשִׁיב (turn a way / restore) emphasizes a return to proper the command to rest on the Shabbat. This is consistent with the statement, וְקָרָאתָ לַשַּׁבָּת עֹנֶג (call the Sabbath a delight) where the word עֹנֶג (delight / pleasure) highlights the importance of finding joy in honoring God’s holy day.
In Isaiah 58:14 we read, אָז תִּתְעַנַּג עַל-יְהֹוָה (then you will find your joy in the LORD) where the word תִּתְעַנַּג (to delight / take pleasure) indicates that true joy and satisfaction come from a deep relationship with God. Note also the phrase נַחֲלַת יַעֲקֹב אָבִיךָ (the inheritance of Jacob your father) signifies the spiritual and physical blessings promised to Israel’s patriarchs, affirming the rewards of faithful obedience. This passage reinforces the significance of the Sabbath rest and its connection to our relationship with God. The Hebrew text of Isaiah 58:12-14 contains features that highlight the importance of building a relationship with God, living our lives according to His Word, and finding delight in God and His Messiah!
These themes resonate with NT such as according to Hebrews 4:9-10, the concept of Sabbath rest is discussed, paralleling the idea of finding delight in rest and obedience to God: “There remains, then, a Sabbath-rest for the people of God; for anyone who enters God’s rest also rests from their works, just as God did from his.” Additionally, in Matthew 11:28-30, Yeshua invites believers to find rest and joy in Him: “Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you and learn from me, for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls.” This passage emphasizes the importance of finding rest in the Messiah of God, similar to the idea of resting on the Sabbath in Isaiah 58:13.
By exploring these Hebrew terms and their meanings, we gain a deeper understanding of the call to righteous living, joyful Sabbath observance, and the lasting impact of our actions, which are echoed and fulfilled in the teachings of the NT.
Rabbinic Commentary on Isaiah 58:8-14
The Targum Jonathan is an Aramaic and Rabbinic translation of the book of Isaiah and therefore is a valuable resource for continuing to study the book of Isaiah!
תרגום יונתן בן עוזיאל אל ישעיה פרק נט:ח-יד
ח בְּכֵן יִתְגְלֵי כִּשְׁפַּרְפָּרָא נְהוֹרָךְ וְאַסוּת מַחֲתָךְ בִּפְרִיעַ תִּיסָק וִיהָכוּן קֳדָמָךְ זַכְוָתָךְ בִּיקָר מִן קֳדָם יְיָ תִתְכְּנִישׁ: ט בְּכֵן תְּצַלִי וַיָי יְקַבֵּל צְלוֹתָךְ תִּבְעֵי מִן קֳדָמוֹהִי וְיַעְבֵּד בָעוּתָךְ אִם תַּעְדֵי מִבֵּינָךְ אַסְטָיוּת דִין מִרְמַז בְּאֶצְבַּע וּמַלֵילָא מִלִין דְאוֹנֵס: י וְתִתְפַּח קֳדָם כַּפְנָא נַפְשָׁךְ וּנְפַשׁ מְסַגְפָא תִּשְׂבַּע וְיִדְנַח בַּחֲשׁוּכָא נְהוֹרָךְ וְקִבְלָךְ יְהֵי כְטִהֲרָא: יא וִידַבְּרִינָךְ יְיָ תְּדִירָא וְיִשְׂבַּע בִּשְׁנֵי בְּצוֹרְתָא נַפְשָׁךְ וְגוּפָךְ וְחַיֵי בְחַיֵי עַלְמָא וּתְהֵי נַפְשָׁךְ מַלְיָא תַפְנוּקִין כְּגִנַת שַׁקְיָא דִמְרַוְיָא וּכְמַבּוּעַ דְמַיָין דְלָא פַּסְקִין מוֹהִי: יב וְיִבְנוֹן מִנָךְ חָרְבַת עֲלַם יְסוֹדֵי דַר וְדַר תְּקוֹמֵם וְיִקְרוּן לָךְ מְקַיֵים אוֹרְחָא דְתַקְנָא מֵתִיב רַשִׁיעַיָא לְאוֹרַיְתָא: יג אִם תְּתִיב מִשַׁבַּתָא רִגְלָךְ לְמֶעְבַּד צוֹרְכָךְ בְיוֹמָא דְקוּדְשִׁי וּתְעָרַע לְשַׁבְּתָא בְּתַפְנוּקִין לְקַדִישָׁא דַייָ תְּיַקַר וּתְיַקַר קֳדָמוֹהִי מִלְמֶעְבַּד אוֹרְחָךְ מִלְסַפְקָא צוֹרְכָךְ וּמַלָלָא מִלִין דְאוֹנָס: יד בְכֵן תִּתְפַּנַק קֳדָם יְיָ וְיַשְׁרִינָךְ עַל תּוּקְפֵי אַרְעָא וְיוֹכְלִינָךְ פֵּרֵי אַחְסָנַת יַעֲקֹב אֲבוּךְ אֲרֵי בְּמֵימְרָא דַייָ גְזִיר כֵּן:
Targum Jonathan son of Uziel Isaiah 58:8-14
58:8 Then shall thy light be revealed like the early dawn, and the healing of thy wound shall appear quickly; thy great righteousness shall go before thee, and thou shalt be gathered to the glory, which is in the presence of the Lord. 58:9 Then thou shalt pray, and the Lord shall hear thy prayer; thou shalt supplicate before Him, and He shall grant thy supplication, if thou put away from the midst of thee perverted judgment, the pointing of the finger, and the speaking of violent words; 58:10 And if thou breathest out thy soul before the hungry and satisfiest the afflicted soul, then shall thy light rise in obscurity, and thy darkness be as the noonday: 58:11 And the Lord shall guide thee continually, and satisfy thy soul in the years of drought, and He shall quicken thy body with eternal life, and thy soul shall be full with delicacies like a watered garden, well irrigated, and like a spring of water, whose waters fail not. 58:12 Thy offspring shall build the old waste places: thou shalt raise up the foundations of many generations, and they shall call thee, The restorer of the right way; The converter of the wicked to the law. 58:13 If thou turn away thy foot from the Sabbath from following thine employment on my holy day, and dost meet the Sabbath with great delight to sanctify the Lord, and honour Him, not doing thine own ways, nor making thy wants ample, nor speaking violent words: 58:14 Then shalt thou delight thyself in the Lord; and He shall cause thee to dwell in the strong places of the earth, and feed thee with the heritage of Jacob thy father; for thus it is decreed by the WORD of the Lord. (TgJ)
| ספר ישעיה פרק נח ח אָז יִבָּקַע כַּשַּׁחַר אוֹרֶךָ וַאֲרֻכָתְךָ מְהֵרָה תִצְמָח וְהָלַךְ לְפָנֶיךָ צִדְקֶךָ כְּבוֹד יְהֹוָה יַאַסְפֶךָ: ט אָז תִּקְרָא וַיהֹוָה יַעֲנֶה תְּשַׁוַּע וְיֹאמַר הִנֵּנִי אִם-תָּסִיר מִתּוֹכְךָ מוֹטָה שְׁלַח אֶצְבַּע וְדַבֶּר-אָוֶן: י וְתָפֵק לָרָעֵב נַפְשֶׁךָ וְנֶפֶשׁ נַעֲנָה תַּשְֹבִּיעַ וְזָרַח בַּחֹשֶׁךְ אוֹרֶךָ וַאֲפֵלָתְךָ כַּצָּהֳרָיִם: יא וְנָחֲךָ יְהֹוָה תָּמִיד וְהִשְֹבִּיעַ בְּצַחְצָחוֹת נַפְשֶׁךָ וְעַצְמֹתֶיךָ יַחֲלִיץ וְהָיִיתָ כְּגַן רָוֶה וּכְמוֹצָא מַיִם אֲשֶׁר לֹא-יְכַזְּבוּ מֵימָיו: | לוגוס ח בְכֵין יִתגְלֵי כִשפַרפָרָא נְהֹורָך וְאָסוּת מַחְתָך בִפרִיַע תִסַק וִיהָכָן קֳדָמָך זָכְוָתָך בִיקָר מִן ק יוי תִתכְנֵיש׃ ט בְכֵין תְצַלֵי וַיוי יְקַבֵיל צַלֹותָך תִבעֵי מִן קֳדָמֹוהִי וְיַעְבֵיד בָעוּתָך אִם תַעדֵי מִבֵינָך אַסטָיוּת דִין מֵרְמָז בְאַצבָע וּמִלְמַלָלָא מִלִין דְאֹונֵיס׃ י וְתִתַפַח קֳדָם כָפְנָא נַפשָך וּנפַש מְסֻגְפָא תְסַבַע וְיִדנַח בַחְשֹוכָא נְהֹורָך וְקַבלָך יְהֵי כְטֵיהְרָא׃ יא וִידַבְרִינָך יוי תְדִירָא וִיסַבַע בִשנֵי בוּצרָתָא נַפשָך וְגוּפָך יֵיחֵי בְחַיֵי עָלְמָא וּתהֵי נַפשָך מַליָא תַפנוּקִין כְגִינַת שִקיָא דִמרָויָא וּכמַבוּעַ דְמַיִין דְלָא פָסְקִין מֹוהִי׃ | ספריה ח בְּכֵן יִתְגְלֵי כִּשְׁפַּרְפָּרָא נְהוֹרָךְ וְאַסוּת מַחֲתָךְ בִּפְרִיעַ תִּיסָק וִיהָכוּן קֳדָמָךְ זַכְוָתָךְ בִּיקָר מִן קֳדָם יְיָ תִתְכְּנִישׁ: ט בְּכֵן תְּצַלִי וַיָי יְקַבֵּל צְלוֹתָךְ תִּבְעֵי מִן קֳדָמוֹהִי וְיַעְבֵּד בָעוּתָךְ אִם תַּעְדֵי מִבֵּינָךְ אַסְטָיוּת דִין מִרְמַז בְּאֶצְבַּע וּמַלֵילָא מִלִין דְאוֹנֵס: י וְתִתְפַּח קֳדָם כַּפְנָא נַפְשָׁךְ וּנְפַשׁ מְסַגְפָא תִּשְׂבַּע וְיִדְנַח בַּחֲשׁוּכָא נְהוֹרָךְ וְקִבְלָךְ יְהֵי כְטִהֲרָא: יא וִידַבְּרִינָךְ יְיָ תְּדִירָא וְיִשְׂבַּע בִּשְׁנֵי בְּצוֹרְתָא נַפְשָׁךְ וְגוּפָךְ וְחַיֵי בְחַיֵי עַלְמָא וּתְהֵי נַפְשָׁךְ מַלְיָא תַפְנוּקִין כְּגִנַת שַׁקְיָא דִמְרַוְיָא וּכְמַבּוּעַ דְמַיָין דְלָא פַּסְקִין מוֹהִי: |
Isaiah continues saying the following in the TgJ on Isaiah 58:8-11, ח בְּכֵן יִתְגְלֵי כִּשְׁפַּרְפָּרָא נְהוֹרָךְ וְאַסוּת מַחֲתָךְ בִּפְרִיעַ תִּיסָק וִיהָכוּן קֳדָמָךְ זַכְוָתָךְ בִּיקָר מִן קֳדָם יְיָ תִתְכְּנִישׁ: 58:8 Then shall thy light be revealed like the early dawn, and the healing of thy wound shall appear quickly; thy great righteousness shall go before thee, and thou shalt be gathered to the glory, which is in the presence of the Lord. ט בְּכֵן תְּצַלִי וַיָי יְקַבֵּל צְלוֹתָךְ תִּבְעֵי מִן קֳדָמוֹהִי וְיַעְבֵּד בָעוּתָךְ אִם תַּעְדֵי מִבֵּינָךְ אַסְטָיוּת דִין מִרְמַז בְּאֶצְבַּע וּמַלֵילָא מִלִין דְאוֹנֵס: 58:9 Then thou shalt pray, and the Lord shall hear thy prayer; thou shalt supplicate before Him, and He shall grant thy supplication, if thou put away from the midst of thee perverted judgment, the pointing of the finger, and the speaking of violent words; י וְתִתְפַּח קֳדָם כַּפְנָא נַפְשָׁךְ וּנְפַשׁ מְסַגְפָא תִּשְׂבַּע וְיִדְנַח בַּחֲשׁוּכָא נְהוֹרָךְ וְקִבְלָךְ יְהֵי כְטִהֲרָא: 58:10 And if thou breathest out thy soul before the hungry and satisfiest the afflicted soul, then shall thy light rise in obscurity, and thy darkness be as the noonday: יא וִידַבְּרִינָךְ יְיָ תְּדִירָא וְיִשְׂבַּע בִּשְׁנֵי בְּצוֹרְתָא נַפְשָׁךְ וְגוּפָךְ וְחַיֵי בְחַיֵי עַלְמָא וּתְהֵי נַפְשָׁךְ מַלְיָא תַפְנוּקִין כְּגִנַת שַׁקְיָא דִמְרַוְיָא וּכְמַבּוּעַ דְמַיָין דְלָא פַּסְקִין מוֹהִי: 58:11 And the Lord shall guide thee continually, and satisfy thy soul in the years of drought, and He shall quicken thy body with eternal life, and thy soul shall be full with delicacies like a watered garden, well irrigated, and like a spring of water, whose waters fail not. (TgJ) The Targum Jonathan on Isaiah 58:8-11 provides an Aramaic translation and interpretation of the Hebrew text. While the core message remains consistent, there are subtle differences in wording and emphasis that can affect interpretation and application. For example, the Aramaic word כִּשְׁפַּרְפָּרָא (like the morning dawn) emphasizes the idea of renewal and hope. Similarly, נְהוֹרָךְ (your light) highlighting the personal nature of the light as the God of Israel being the light to this world. The new day can bring the hope of restoration, which is symbolized here in the light of God. We note how the Targum Jonathan emphasizes several actions and principles that guide us in pursuing righteousness, justice, and truth. The final conclusion drawn from these verses is that a life dedicated to these virtues is deeply transformative personally
Key Points about TgJ Rendition of Isaiah 58:8-12
- Pursuit of Righteousness: The emphasis on זַכְוָתָךְ (your righteousness) implies that our actions should reflect integrity and moral uprightness. By living righteously, we allow God’s light to shine through us, bringing clarity and hope to our lives and those around us.
- Commitment to Justice: The instruction to תַּעְדֵי מִבֵּינָךְ אַסְטָיוּת דִין מִרְמַז בְּאֶצְבַּע וּמַלֵילָא מִלִין דְאוֹנֵס (removing oppression and deceitful speech) highlights the importance of justice in our interactions. We are called to eliminate unfair practices and falsehoods, fostering an environment of fairness and truth.
- Acts of Compassion: The phrase וְתִתְפַּח קֳדָם כַּפְנָא נַפְשָׁךְ (extend yourself to the hungry) underscores the need for active compassion. Providing for the needy and satisfying the afflicted is a crucial aspect of living a life dedicated to justice and righteousness.
- Divine Guidance and Provision: The promise that וִידַבְּרִינָךְ יְיָ תְּדִירָא (the LORD will guide you continually) reflects the assurance that God will support and lead those who commit to these virtues. Our commitment to righteousness, justice, and truth results in divine favor and sustenance.
These principles are echoed in various passages in the NT text. For instance, in Matthew 25:35-40, Yeshua speaks about the importance of caring for the least among us, aligning with the call to compassion in Isaiah. Additionally, James 1:27 emphasizes that “pure and undefiled religion” involves caring for orphans and widows, reflecting the call to justice and righteousness. There are also parallels to the themes of restoration and light. For instance, Matthew 5:16 says, “Let your light so shine before men, that they may see your good works and glorify your Father in heaven.” This echoes the idea of being a light to others and seeking God’s approval. In Luke 4:18-19 we read how Yeshua quoted from Isaiah 61:1-2, which is closely related to Isaiah “The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he has anointed me to preach the gospel to the poor; he has sent me to heal the brokenhearted, to preach deliverance to the captives, and recovery of sight to the blind, to set at liberty those who are oppressed, to proclaim the acceptable year of the Lord.” These parallels show how the themes of light, restoration, and God’s favor are carried forward into the NT, reinforcing their timeless relevance.
The commentary Tosefta Peah 4:18 speaks of how exactly we should be understanding the importance of charity (tzedakah) and kind deeds (gemilut hasadim), which are as significant as all the commandments in the Torah.
Tosefta Peah 4:18
מעשה במונבז המלך שעמד ובזבז את כל אוצרותיו בשני בצורת אמרו לו אחיו אבותיך גנזו אוצרות והוסיפו על [של] אבותם ואתה עמדת ובזבזת את כל אוצרותיך שלך ושל אבותיך אמר להם אבותי גנזו אוצרות למטה ואני גנזתי למעלה שנא’ (תהילים פ״ה:י״ב) אמת מארץ תצמח וגו’ אבותי גנזו [אוצרות] במקום שהיד שולטת בו ואני גנזתי אוצרות במקום שאין היד שולטת בו שנאמר (תהילים פ״ט:ט״ו) צדק ומשפט מכון כסאך וגו’ אבותי גנזו אוצרות שאין עושין פירות ואני גנזתי אוצרות שעושין פירות שנאמר (ישעיהו ג׳:י׳) אמרו צדיק כי טוב [וגו’] אבותי גנזו אוצרות של ממון ואני גנזתי אוצרות של נפשות שנא’ (משלי י״א:ל׳) פרי צדיק עץ חיים ולוקח נפשות חכם אבותי גנזו אוצרות לאחרים ואני גנזתי לעצמי שנא’ (דברים כ״ד:י״ג) ולך תהיה צדקה לפני ה’ אלהיך אבותי גנזו אוצרות בעוה”ז ואני גנזתי לעוה”ב שנא’ (ישעיהו נ״ח:ח׳) והלך לפניך צדקך צדקה וגמילת חסדים שקולין כנגד כל מצות שבתורה אלא שהצדקה בחיים וגמ”ח בחיים ובמתים צדקה בעניים גמילות חסדים בעניים ובעשירים צדקה בממונו גמילות חסדים בממונו ובגופו.
There was an incident involving King Munbaz, who went and gave away all of his treasures [to the poor] in the years of drought, and his brothers said to him, “Your ancestors stored up treasures, and added to those of their fathers, and you went and gave away all your treasures, and those of your fathers.” He said to them, “My ancestors stored treasures below, but I stored treasures above, as it is written (Ps. 85:12), ‘Truth will spring out of the earth [and righteousness (tzedek) will look down from heaven].’ My ancestors stored treasures in a place that a [human] hand can reach, but I stored treasures in a place that no hand can reach, as it says (Ps. 89:15), ‘Righteousness (tzedek) and justice are the foundation of Your throne.’ My ancestors stored treasures that do not bear fruit (i.e., generate profit), but I stored treasures that do bear fruit, as it says (Is. 3:10), ‘Say of the righteous (tzaddik), that it shall be well [with them, for they shall eat the fruit of their doings].’ My ancestors stored treasures of money, whereas I am storing treasures of souls, as it says (Prov. 11:30), ‘The fruit of the righteous (tzaddik) is a tree of life, and he that wins souls is wise.’ My ancestors stored treasures for others, whereas I am storing treasures for myself, as it says (Deut. 24:13), ‘And it shall be as righteousness (tzedakah) to you before Hashem your God.’ My ancestors stored treasures for this world, whereas I am storing treasures for the world to come, as it says (Is. 58:8), ‘And your righteousness (tzid’kecha) shall go before you, [the glory of the Lord shall be your rearguard].'” Charity (tzedakah) and kind deeds are as important as all commandments of the Torah. Charity applies to the living, works of lovingkindness apply to the living and the dead. Charity applies to the poor, works of lovingkindness apply to the poor and the rich. Charity is [performed] through a person’s money, works of lovingkindness through his money and his person.*
The major points discussed in Tosefta Peah 4:18 revolve around the actions and values of King Munbaz, who gave away his treasures during a time of drought. King Munbaz talks about storing treasures above. Note what Yeshua and Paul write about concerning this.
Matthew 6:19-21
“Do not store up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moths and vermin destroy, and where thieves break in and steal. But store up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where moths and vermin do not destroy, and where thieves do not break in and steal. For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also.”
1 Timothy 6:17-19
“Command those who are rich in this present world not to be arrogant nor to put their hope in wealth, which is so uncertain, but to put their hope in God, who richly provides us with everything for our enjoyment. Command them to do good, to be rich in good deeds, and to be generous and willing to share. In this way they will lay up treasure for themselves as a firm foundation for the coming age.”
Similarly, King Munbaz contrasts his actions with those of his ancestors, highlighting that while his ancestors stored treasures on earth, he stored treasures in heaven. This is supported by the reference to Psalm 85:12, which speaks of truth and righteousness coming from heaven. Munbaz emphasizes that his ancestors’ treasures were in places that human hands could reach, whereas his treasures are stored in places beyond human reach. This is based on Psalm 89:15, which speaks of righteousness and justice as the foundation of God’s throne. He also points out that his ancestors’ treasures did not bear fruit, whereas his do. This idea is linked to Isaiah 3:10, which speaks of the righteous benefiting from the fruits of their deeds. He argues that his ancestors stored treasures of money, whereas he stored treasures of souls. This is supported by Proverbs 11:30, which compares the righteous to a tree of life and values wisdom in winning souls and speaks of righteousness being stored before God (Deuteronomy 24:13). The commentary cites Isaiah 58:8 and states that King Munbaz contrasts his ancestors’ focus on earthly treasures with his focus on treasures for the world to come, as stated in Isaiah 58:8 that our righteousness goes before God. The commentary underscores the importance of righteousness and kind deeds and how these things are seen as an obligation for the living to live by, according to the Word of God. These things speak to what we should be focusing upon, more specifically, to live our lives for the glory of God because of the great mercy that He has had on us!
| ספר ישעיה פרק נח יב וּבָנוּ מִמְּךָ חָרְבוֹת עוֹלָם מוֹסְדֵי דוֹר-וָדוֹר תְּקוֹמֵם וְקֹרָא לְךָ גֹּדֵר פֶּרֶץ מְשׁוֹבֵב נְתִיבוֹת לָשָׁבֶת: יג אִם-תָּשִׁיב מִשַּׁבָּת רַגְלֶךָ עֲשֹוֹת חֲפָצֶיךָ בְּיוֹם קָדְשִׁי וְקָרָאתָ לַשַּׁבָּת עֹנֶג לִקְדוֹשׁ יְהֹוָה מְכֻבָּד וְכִבַּדְתּוֹ מֵעֲשֹוֹת דְּרָכֶיךָ מִמְּצוֹא חֶפְצְךָ וְדַבֵּר דָּבָר: יד אָז תִּתְעַנַּג עַל-יְהֹוָה וְהִרְכַּבְתִּיךָ עַל-בָּמֳותֵי [בָּמֳתֵי] אָרֶץ וְהַאֲכַלְתִּיךָ נַחֲלַת יַעֲקֹב אָבִיךָ כִּי פִּי יְהֹוָה דִּבֵּר: | לוגוס יב וְיִבנֹון מִנָך חָרבָת עָלַם יְסֹודֵי דָר וְדָר תְקָמֵים וְיִקרֹון לָך מְקַיֵים אֹורחָא דְתָקְנָא מְתִיב רַשִיעַיָא לְאֹורָיתָא׃ יג אִם תְתִיב מִשַבְתָא רַגלָך לְמַעְבַד צֻרכָך בְיֹומָא דְקוּדשִי וּתעָרְעַה לְשַבְתָא בְתַפנוּקִין לִקַדִישָא דַיוי תְיַקַר וּתיַקַר קֳדָמֹוהִי מִלְמַעְבַד אֹורחָך וּמִלְסֹופָקָא צוּרכָך וּמִלְמַלָלָא מִלִין דְאֹונֵיס׃ יד בְכֵין תִתפַנַק קֳדָם יוי וְיַשרֵינָך עַל תֻקפֵי אַרעָא וְיֹוכֵילִנָך פֵירֵי אַחסָנַת יַעְקֹב אְבוּך אְרֵי בְמֵימְרָא דַיוי גְזִיר כֵין׃ | ספריה יב וְיִבְנוֹן מִנָךְ חָרְבַת עֲלַם יְסוֹדֵי דַר וְדַר תְּקוֹמֵם וְיִקְרוּן לָךְ מְקַיֵים אוֹרְחָא דְתַקְנָא מֵתִיב רַשִׁיעַיָא לְאוֹרַיְתָא: יג אִם תְּתִיב מִשַׁבַּתָא רִגְלָךְ לְמֶעְבַּד צוֹרְכָךְ בְיוֹמָא דְקוּדְשִׁי וּתְעָרַע לְשַׁבְּתָא בְּתַפְנוּקִין לְקַדִישָׁא דַייָ תְּיַקַר וּתְיַקַר קֳדָמוֹהִי מִלְמֶעְבַּד אוֹרְחָךְ מִלְסַפְקָא צוֹרְכָךְ וּמַלָלָא מִלִין דְאוֹנָס: יד בְכֵן תִּתְפַּנַק קֳדָם יְיָ וְיַשְׁרִינָךְ עַל תּוּקְפֵי אַרְעָא וְיוֹכְלִינָךְ פֵּרֵי אַחְסָנַת יַעֲקֹב אֲבוּךְ אֲרֵי בְּמֵימְרָא דַייָ גְזִיר כֵּן: |
Isaiah goes on saying the following in the TgJ on Isaiah 58:12-14, יב וְיִבְנוֹן מִנָךְ חָרְבַת עֲלַם יְסוֹדֵי דַר וְדַר תְּקוֹמֵם וְיִקְרוּן לָךְ מְקַיֵים אוֹרְחָא דְתַקְנָא מֵתִיב רַשִׁיעַיָא לְאוֹרַיְתָא: 58:12 Thy offspring shall build the old waste places: thou shalt raise up the foundations of many generations, and they shall call thee, The restorer of the right way; The converter of the wicked to the law. יג אִם תְּתִיב מִשַׁבַּתָא רִגְלָךְ לְמֶעְבַּד צוֹרְכָךְ בְיוֹמָא דְקוּדְשִׁי וּתְעָרַע לְשַׁבְּתָא בְּתַפְנוּקִין לְקַדִישָׁא דַייָ תְּיַקַר וּתְיַקַר קֳדָמוֹהִי מִלְמֶעְבַּד אוֹרְחָךְ מִלְסַפְקָא צוֹרְכָךְ וּמַלָלָא מִלִין דְאוֹנָס: 58:13 If thou turn away thy foot from the Sabbath from following thine employment on my holy day, and dost meet the Sabbath with great delight to sanctify the Lord, and honour Him, not doing thine own ways, nor making thy wants ample, nor speaking violent words: יד בְכֵן תִּתְפַּנַק קֳדָם יְיָ וְיַשְׁרִינָךְ עַל תּוּקְפֵי אַרְעָא וְיוֹכְלִינָךְ פֵּרֵי אַחְסָנַת יַעֲקֹב אֲבוּךְ אֲרֵי בְּמֵימְרָא דַייָ גְזִיר כֵּן:58:14 Then shalt thou delight thyself in the Lord; and He shall cause thee to dwell in the strong places of the earth, and feed thee with the heritage of Jacob thy father; for thus it is decreed by the WORD of the Lord. (TgJ) The Targum Jonathan on Isaiah 58:12-14 offers an Aramaic translation and interpretation that provides nuanced differences from the Hebrew text, influencing our understanding and application. For example, in verse 12, the phrase וְיִבְנוֹן מִנָךְ חָרְבַת עֲלַם (and they shall build from you the ancient ruins) emphasizes the role of the community (“they shall build”) in restoration, which may highlight collective (in community) responsibility more than the individual focus in the Hebrew text. The emphasis on “they shall build” suggests a community-driven approach to restoration, where everyone contributes to the renewal process. This communal aspect can be contrasted with the Hebrew text, which may have a more individualistic focus. In practical terms, this teaches us the importance of working together as a community to achieve common goals, support each other, and bring about positive change. It underscores the power of collective action in achieving restoration and growth. In verse 13, the term מִשַׁבַּתָא (from the Sabbath) underscores the importance of proper Sabbath observance. The Aramaic תְּיַקַר קֳדָמוֹהִי (honor before Him) reinforces the idea of respecting God’s holy day by refraining from personal pursuits and speaking idle words. This emphasizes that the Sabbath is not just a day of rest but also a time to honor God through focused worship and mindful conduct. By keeping the Sabbath, we show our reverence for God and acknowledge His sovereignty. It also provides an opportunity to reset, reflect, and renew our spiritual connection, which can have a profound impact on our overall well-being. Verse 14’s תִּתְפַּנַק קֳדָם יְיָ (you shall delight before the LORD) reflects a deeper spiritual joy that comes from honoring God. The promise of יַשְׁרִינָךְ עַל תּוּקְפֵי אַרְעָא (He will cause you to ride upon the high places of the earth) emphasizes the elevation and blessings that follow faithful obedience. It signifies that those who honor and delight in God will experience His favor and be lifted to positions of strength and prominence. This serves as a reminder that true joy and elevation come from a life dedicated to God’s principles and commands.
These concepts have parallels in the NT text, for example, Yeshua emphasized the importance of honoring God’s commands in Matthew 5:17-19, stressing the fulfillment of the Law. Moreover, in Hebrews 4:9-10, the idea of Sabbath rest is deepened, paralleling the notion of finding true delight in God’s presence. Paul’s teachings in Ephesians 2:10 also reflect the collective mission of the faithful to do good works prepared by God. We are described as “God’s handiwork, created in Christ Jesus to do good works, which God prepared in advance for us to do.” This emphasizes the collective mission of a faithful community to restore and build according to God’s purpose. The Targum Jonathan on Isaiah 58:12-14 highlights these ideas of collective responsibility, spiritual joy, and proper observance of God’s commands, enriching our understanding and application of these verses. These themes are echoed in the NT teachings, reinforcing the continuity of God’s call to righteousness, justice, and faithful observance.
In addition to these things, Rashi draws out the concept of having a heritage without boundaries which speaks to what we have in the Lord God Almighty.
Rashi on Isaiah 58:14 Part 1
נחלת יעקב אביך. נחלה בלא מצרים כמה שנא’ ופרצת ימה וקדמה וגו’ (בראשית כ״ח:י״ד) לא כאברהם שנאמר (שם יג) הארץ אשר אתה רואה ויעקב שמר את השבת שנא’ (שם לג) ויחן את פני העיר שקבע תחומין עם דמדומי חמה כך פי’ ר’ שמשון:
the heritage of Jacob your father An inheritance without boundaries, as it is said (Gen. 28: 14): “And you shall spread to the west and to the east, etc.” Not like Abraham, about whom it is stated (ibid. 13:15): “The land that you see…” And Jacob indeed kept the Sabbath, as it is said (ibid. 33: 18): “And he encamped before the city,” i.e., he established the Sabbath limits at twilight. So did Rabbi Samson explain it.
Rashi’s commentary on Isaiah 58:14 emphasizes the concept of an “inheritance without boundaries,” which he attributes to Jacob’s heritage. This idea is rooted in the promise God made to Jacob in Genesis 28:14, where God tells Jacob, “And you shall spread to the west and to the east, to the north and to the south.” This expansive promise highlights a limitless inheritance, contrasting with the specific land seen by Abraham in Genesis 13:15. The notion of an inheritance without boundaries can be seen as a metaphor for the spiritual blessings and promises we have in the Lord God Almighty and in His Messiah Yeshua. Unlike physical possessions and earthly inheritances, which are limited and finite, the spiritual inheritance promised by God is boundless and eternal. Just as Jacob’s descendants were promised an expansive territory, our spiritual growth and influence as followers of the God of Israel and Yeshua the Messiah have no boundaries. We are called to spread God’s love, truth, and justice across the world, impacting lives and communities in immeasurable ways. The limitless inheritance also refers to the eternal life and divine presence we have through our relationship with God. This inheritance is not confined to this world but extends into eternity, promising us everlasting joy, peace, and communion with God. God’s promises to His people are vast and comprehensive, covering all aspects of life. The inheritance without boundaries signifies the fullness of God’s provision, protection, and blessings, which are not restricted by earthly limitations. In addition to this, the concept of an inheritance without boundaries also provides us with an expectation of gentile inclusion. Just as Jacob’s descendants were to spread across the earth, God’s spiritual family is open to all who believe, transcending geographical, cultural, and racial boundaries. Note the NT parallel that Paul spoke of in Ephesians 3:18-19, “grasping how wide and long and high and deep is the love of Christ, and to know this love that surpasses knowledge.” This reflects the boundless nature of God’s love and the spiritual inheritance we have in Him. According to 1 Peter 1:3-4, the apostle Peter wrote of a “living hope” and an “inheritance that can never perish, spoil or fade,” kept in heaven for us. This emphasizes the eternal and imperishable nature of the inheritance promised to believers. Rashi’s commentary on Isaiah 58:14, draws us to us to reflect on the vastness of God’s promises and the boundless inheritance we have in Him, encouraging us to live lives of faith, hope, and love, continually expanding our spiritual horizons and embracing the limitless blessings of our divine heritage and faith in the Messiah of God!
