Bits of Torah Truths – James Writes a Midrash on the Torah in the NT Text – Episode 176
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James 3:2–13
ב וַהֲלֹא כֻּלָּנוּ מַרְבִּים לְהִכָּשֵׁל. מִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ נִכְשָׁל בְּדִבּוּר, אִישׁ מֻשְׁלָם הוּא וְיָכוֹל לָשִׂים רֶסֶן לְכָל גּוּפוֹ. ג הִנֵּה בְּפִי הַסּוּסִים שָׂמִים אָנוּ רֶסֶן כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּשָּׁמְעוּ לָנוּ, וְכָךְ מְנַהֲגִים אָנוּ אֶת כָּל גּוּפָם. … י מֵאוֹתוֹ הַפֶּה יוֹצֵאת בְּרָכָה וְגַם קְלָלָה. אַחַי, לֹא צָרִיךְ שֶׁיִּהְיֶה כַּדָּבָר הַזֶּה. יא הֲיַבִּיעַ הַמַּעְיָן מַיִם מְתוּקִים וּמַיִם מָרִים מִמּוֹצָא אֶחָד? יב אַחַי, הֲיוּכַל עֵץ הַתְּאֵנָה לַעֲשׂוֹת זֵיתִים, אוֹ הֲתוּכַל הַגֶּפֶן לַעֲשׂוֹת תְּאֵנִים? כֵּן גַּם מְקוֹר מַיִם מְלוּחִים אֵינֶנּוּ מֵפִיק מַיִם מְתוּקִים.
James 3:2–12
2 For we all stumble in many ways. If anyone does not stumble in what he says, he is a perfect man, able to bridle the whole body as well. 3 Now if we put the bits into the horses’ mouths so that they may obey us, we direct their entire body as well. 4 Behold, the ships also, though they are so great and are driven by strong winds, are still directed by a very small rudder, wherever the inclination of the pilot desires. 5 So also the tongue is a small part of the body, and yet it boasts of great things. Behold, how great a forest is set aflame by such a small fire! 6 And the tongue is a fire, the very world of iniquity; the tongue is set among our members as that which defiles the entire body, and sets on fire the course of our life, and is set on fire by hell. 7 For every species of beasts and birds, of reptiles and creatures of the sea, is tamed, and has been tamed by the human race. 8 But no one can tame the tongue; it is a restless evil and full of deadly poison. 9 With it we bless our Lord and Father; and with it we curse men, who have been made in the likeness of God; 10 from the same mouth come both blessing and cursing. My brethren, these things ought not to be this way. 11 Does a fountain send out from the same opening both fresh and bitter water? 12 Can a fig tree, my brethren, produce olives, or a vine produce figs? Neither can salt water produce fresh. (NASB)
It is important to note here in James 3:2-12 he writes a midrash on the evil tongue (Leviticus 14) Notice how James follows Jewish tradition connecting Leviticus 14 with lashon hara. Note also that Lashon hara refers to speaking negatively about someone else, even if what is said happens to be true. The rabbis draw a parallel between the house plague and the consequences of lashon hara. Just as a house is afflicted with a plague is considered “cursed,” so too is the person who engages in harmful speech. James draws out similar concepts in his midrash and doing so demonstrates how the Torah has not passed away!
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